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KMID : 0377519950200040351
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Chung-Ang Journal of Medicine
1995 Volume.20 No. 4 p.351 ~ p.357
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Expreesion of p53 Protein in Basal Cell Carcinomas
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Kim Myeung-Nam
Seo Seong-Jun
Hong Chang-Kwun
Ro Byung-In
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Abstract
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Wild-type p53 was found to be strongly growth suppressive and inhibitory of transformation. The mutant-type gene, having lost this property, has the ability to transform cells and lead to tumorigenesis. Moreover, mutations of the p53 gene have been detected in a wide variety of neoplasms, and these mutations are the single most common genetic alteration observed in human cancer. Wild-type protein is either not detectable or only just detectable in normal cells because of its short half-life. Mutations of the p53 coding region produce a functionally inactive portein with a significantly prolonged half-life that is detectable immunohistochemical techniques. Mutation of the p53 gene and accumulation of the p53 protein occurs frequently in malignant skin cancers. There have been few studies of mutant p53 protein expression in skin tumors, most of which have used paraffin-embedded tissues. The present study was performed to identify the expression and subcellular localization of p53 in BCC using immunohistochemical method on frozen-section specimens. We used four monoclonal antibodies directed against p53 protein to characterize the expression and subcellular localization of p53 in skin sections from 15 patients with BCC : MAb 1801, MAb421, MAb249 and DO-1. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on frozen sections(5㎛ thick) by using an streptavidin-biotin immunoperoxidase assay. Moderate nuclear reactivity with DO-1 was seen in two cases (13%). This pattern suggests accumulation of stabilized mutant p53 protein within the nucleus. There were no cytoplasmic staining with DO-1. However, Similar nuclear reactivity was not observed with the other monoclonal antibodies. MAb421 staining was observed within basal layer of epidermis and tumors with marked cytoplasmic staining throughout the entire tumor. Cytoplasmic or nuclear staining were not seen in any of the specimens which reacted with MAb 1801 and MAb 240. We demonstrated p53 immunoreactivity that exhibits distinctive patterns of subcellular localization in frozen tissues of BCC. However, the demonstration of mutant p53 protein depends on many factors. before immunohistochemical methods can be used to relialy predict p53 mutation, it will be essential to correlate systematically nuclear reactivity with DNA sequence analysis performed on the same specimen. And further investigation is required to determine the role p53 in carcinogenesis of BCC and the characterize mechanisms that mediate activity of p53.
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KEYWORD
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p53, immunohistochemistry, basal cell carcinoma
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